BUTTERFLY

Butterflies are beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings. Like all insects, they have six jointed legs, 3 body parts, a pair of antennae, compound eyes, and an exoskeleton. The three body parts are the head, thorax (the chest), and abdomen (the tail end). Butterflies belong to the order Lepidoptera. There exist approximately 160,000 different species of butterflies in the world! They are an extremely diverse group when compared with the 2000 species of praying mantids, for example! Butterflies are found worldwide, even above the Arctic Circle, but they do not occur on Antarctic..

The butterfly's body is covered by tiny sensory hairs. The four wings and the six legs of the butterfly are attached to the thorax. The thorax contains the muscles that make the legs and wings move.

FLYING

tiger swallowtail
Swallowtails are strong fliers. Butterflies are very good fliers. They have two pairs of large wings covered with colorful, iridescent scales in overlapping rows. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are the only insects that have scaly wings. The wings are attached to the butterfly's thorax (mid-section). Veins support the delicate wings and nourish them with blood.
Butterflies can only fly if their body temperature is above 86 degrees. Butterflies sun themselves to warm up in cool weather. As butterflies age, the color of the wings fades and the wings become ragged.

The speed varies among butterfly species (the poisonous varieties are slower than non-poisonous varieties). The fastest butterflies (some skippers) can fly at about 30 mile per hour or faster. Slow flying butterflies fly about 5 mph.

LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUTTERFLY

life cycle
Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis in which they go through four different life stages.

Egg - A butterfly starts its life as an egg, often laid on a leaf.
Larva - The larva (caterpillar) hatches from an egg and eats leaves or flowers almost constantly. The caterpillar molts (loses its old skin) many times as it grows. The caterpillar will increase up to several thousand times in size before pupating.
Pupa - It turns into a pupa (chrysalis); this is a resting stage.
Adult - A beautiful, flying adult emerges. This adult will continue the cycle.

DIET

Monarch larva Caterpillars spend most of their time eating leaves using strong mandibles (jaws). A caterpillar's first meal, however, is its own eggshell. A few caterpillars are meat-eaters; the larva of the carnivorous Harvester butterfly eats woolly aphids.

Butterflies and moths can only sip liquid food using a tube-like proboscis, which is a long, flexible "tongue." This proboscis uncoils to sip food, and coils up again into a spiral when not in use. Most butterflies live on nectar from flowers. Some butterflies sip the liquid from rotting fruits and a rare few prefer rotting animal flesh or animal fluids (the Harvester butterfly pierces the bodies of woolly aphids with its sharp proboscis and drinks the body fluids).

HABITAT

Butterflies are found all over the world and in all types of environments: hot and cold, dry and moist, at sea level and high in the mountains. Most butterfly species, however, are found in tropical areas, especially tropical rainforests.

butterflyMany butterflies migrate in order to avoid adverse environmental conditions (like cold weather). Butterfly migration is not well understood. Most migrate relatively short distances (like the Painted Lady, the Red Admiral, and the Common Buckeye), but a few (like some Monarchs) migrate thousands of miles.

CLASSIFICATION

Butterflies and moth belong to the order Lepidoptera. Lepidos is Greek for "scales" and ptera means "wing". These scaled wings are different from the wings of any other insects. Lepidoptera is a very large group; there are more types of butterflies and moths than there are of any other type of insects except beetles. It is estimated that there are about 150,000 different species of butterflies and moths (there may be many more). There are about 28,000 butterfly species worldwide, the rest are moths.

BUTTERFLY FOSSILS

Butterfly fossils are rare. The earliest butterfly fossils are from the early Cretaceous period, about 130 million years ago. Their development is closely linked to the evolution of flowering plants (angiosperms) since both adult butterflies and caterpillars feed on flowering plants, and the adults are important pollinators of many flowering plants. Flowering plants also evolved during the Cretaceous period. 

Most precious creation (BIRDS)

BIRDS are special kind of animal species with certain specific characteristics that are common to all of them. All of them are feathered, winged, bipedal (meaning: having two legs), egg-laying, warm blooded, vertebrate animals belonging to the class Aves. They are an important part of the ecosystem and are present across the globe from the Arctic to the Antarctic.

Birds inhabit the environment that suits them and that is what separates the species found in Polar Regions from those in the Tropical Region. In spite of all the similarities that the bird species share, they have certain unique characteristics which differentiate them from others.Birds may be of different sizes. They could be small as much as 2 inches (e.g. Bee hummingbird) to as big as 2.75 meters (like an Ostrich). Fossil records indicate the emergence of birds to as old as 160 million years ago..

Some birds can fly high and some birds can swim in the water. The duck, the stork and the swan are water birds. Birds like the peacock and cock cannot fly high. Birds like the eagle, the vulture, the kite and the hawk can fly very high in the sky. Some birds cannot fly, penguin is one such species. Bird lays eggs, and hatches the young ones.The cuckoo and the nightingale are singing birds. The parrot can be trained to talk. The owls can see even in darkness. The bats hang from the branches of trees upside down.

Birds are special kind of animal species with certain specific characteristics. Birds inhabit the environment that suits them. Birds are social. They live in flocks, hunt, breed cooperatively and participate in social behaviors.Birds are closely connected with the environment. They are known to be intuitive about weather conditions that may prevail in the region much ahead than humans can predict it with the forecast methods and other instruments. They have the strong power of monitoring and careful examination is also used as an indicator of the weather conditions.

When birds communicate, they use songs and calls. These songs and calls are special to each bird and mean different things. Birds are social animals and like to work together, and they flock together for protection and company. A bird might also use its body to communicate, as seen in special mating dances.

 bird’s beak, or bill, is different depending on the diet of the bird. If a bird is a meat eater, or raptor, such as a bald eagle, they have a sharper curved beak that is used to help tear the meat off the animal they are eating. Birds that live off the water, such as ducks and swans, have flat rounded bills, which help them root around in marshes and soft soil for plants. Birds that eat insects, such as sparrows, have short pointed beaks, which help them pull out bugs from the ground or trees.

The presence of peacock symbolizes rain and good weather while owls, bats and vultures are said to indicate a bad, unpleasant weather in an area. Certain birds are kept near coal mines for the prediction of the mine explosion, as the birds are sensitive to the release of high levels of carbon monoxide beyond permitted limits and begin to die.

It also happens that the prettiest birds are often the worst singers. The birds of Australia, for example, in spite of their gorgeous plumage, have a hoarse, monotonous note. On the other hand, the lark and the cuckoo, with their plain and sober outer appearance, have a marvelous gilt of song. The sweetest singing birds in this country are the the cuckoo and the magpie robin (doyel), while the chief songsters among foreign birds are the lark, the thrush and the nightingale.

One of the commonest birds is the little sparrow. It can only chirp, and therefore does not really possess a song. Quite different is the case of the crow, another coumon bird, having a plumage of dark black color and a voice, which is terribly hoarse and harsh. The pigeon does not sing, but it is a great favorite and is very tame.Birds differ from quadrupeds in having their bodies covered with feathers instead of hair. These feathers are kept in good condition by means of a kind of oil with which lords are supplied. These creatures are often seen peeking at their feathers with their bills. In fact, they supply their feathers with oil when they do this.Birds soothe us with their song and with their merry, lively ways. The world would often be very lonely and melancholy without their music.

BEAUTY OF VILLAGE

BEAUTY OF VILLAGES

Life in a village is a real blessing.  Villages are the abodes of peace, beauty, love and simplicity. The green and luxuriant vegetation, the flower plants and fruit trees, the green paddy and wheat fields, the pure air, the sweet singing of birds, the streams and rivers filled with clean and pure water and the healthy atmosphere are the attractions of the village life. Most great poets have been fascinated and inspired by the country side.

The life in the country is full of charms. In the villages things are quite different from what they are in cities. Natural surroundings, good water, fresh air and relaxed life give energy and make life more enjoyable. The country side is full of lush green vegetation, with coconut gardens and mango groves and small streams. There is absolute peace and no noise of motor horns and hawkers. The people are simple and they love and share with one another and live like one big family. The life in the countryside is simple and innocent. A village atmosphere gives relief to a tired mind.

Most people in a village are agriculturists. They cultivate their own land, producing grains, vegetables and fruits. Some others do manual labour. All the members in a family work in the fields. The work is done in healthy and pleasant surroundings. The people in a village have fresh air to breathe. The sweet songs of the birds remove the fatigue of hard work. In a village, one can enjoy the beauty and grandeur of nature.

The rising and setting of the sun are beautiful sights to watch. The green meadows fascinate everyone. The chirping of birds, the babbling of streams and the soft lowing of cows fill the hearts with joy. The villagers enjoy simple and pure food. Compared to the cities, crimes are less in villages. The relation between people is coordinal and harmonious.

But the life in a village has its own drawbacks. Most villages are devoid of the amenities of modern life. Educational and medical facilities, sources of recreation, and opportunities of employment are very limited. Most of the people are illiterate. Poverty, ignorance and the rise in population are a curse in the villages. So these poor, innocent people are exploited by the landlords, politicians and bureaucrats. The government has taken many steps to wipe out these evils from the villages. As a result, the face of the villages has changed.

The life in a village is contented and peaceful. The pleasure one derive from the life in a village is very great.

ABOUT PUNJAB VILLAGES


Villages of Punjab, Villages of India Agriculture has always been the principal occupation of people in the villages of Punjab. Punjab is one of the most agriculturally developed regions in India and contributes hugely to the total agricultural production of India. There are two main harvests in a year in the villages, namely the Rabi or spring and the Kharif. The villagers cultivate the crops like wheat, gram, barley, oil seeds, fodder crops, potatoes, winter vegetables, etc. during the Rabi season. On the other hand, the Kharif or autumn harvest consists of the crops like rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, gram and peas, bajra, jowar and the like chillies, onions, gourd, etc. The villagers practice two system of cropping namely the Dofasli Harsala and Ekfasli Harsala. While, the Dofasli Harsala means two harvests in a period of 12 months, the Ekfasli Harsala means a single crop in a year. Apart from agriculture, various small-scale and medium-scale industries also provide employment in the villages of Punjab. 


FESTIVALS IN VILLAGES OF PUNJAB

People in the villages of Punjab are famous all over the country for their wonderful way of celebrating various fairs and festivals. All the festivals celebrated in Punjab are colourful in nature and people perform various traditional music and dance forms as part of celebrating festivals. The major village festivals of Punjab include Holi, Baisakhi, Lohri, Maghi Dance, Diwali, Gurparav, Tika, Teej, Vasant Panchami, etc. People perform the popular dance forms like Bhangra, Dhamal Dance, Gidda Dance, Sammi Dance, Jhumar Dance, Jaago, Luddi, Kikli, Julli, Teeyan Dance, etc. during the festivals. The villagers also wear their traditional dresses during the festivals. 

Villages of Punjab are a favourite tourist destination for many people in India to experience the wonderful Punjabi way of celebrating festivals. The lush green paddy fields and wonderful scenic beauty of the villages also attracts many people from all over the country.

Improve communication skills

WHAT DO YOU MEANT BY COMMUNICATIONS !!

Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules

IN BUSINESS

Communication is the lifeblood of any organisation. Whether it’s issuing simple instructions at work, sorting out a tricky situation with a subordinate, lifting flagging morale, working out a better way to meet productivity targets, briefing your team on customer feedback after a product launch, or as CEO, getting your employees to buy into your company’s vision – communication is the pivot of any business venture, from start-up to global corporation.

Examples of Communications Skills

Does your typical day look like this?

All these are examples of communication skills.

• You share quality time, chit-chatting with your family before you leave for work;
• you use an app to call a cab as your car is in the garage;
• catch the news on your tablet in the cab while also sneaking a peek at your Facebook timeline;
• then you attend a slew of meetings at the office;
• reply to a flood of emails;
• video-conference with clients on another continent;
• let your smart phone order you lunch;
• spit some unprintable words at the moody coffee-maker in the pantry;
• and finally share some much-needed banter with your colleagues as you car-pool on the way back home.

And, oh, how could we forget? Even though a dinosaur in this digital age, there’s the office grapevine that makes car-pooling that much more fun!

What are we getting at? Well, since the definition of communication is the act of transmitting a message, opinion, information, instructions, feedback or even gossip, we are saying something to someone pretty much every waking moment.

And since most of us spend a large part of each day working, in a work environment, structures or otherwise, business communication forms a large part of what we are saying.

IMPROVE YOUR COMMUNICATION SKILLS :-

1. Learn the basics of nonverbal communication.

One Study found that nonverbal communication accounted for 55 percent of how an audience perceived a presenter. That means that the majority of what you say is communicated not through words, but through physical cues. 

To communicate clearly and confidently, adopt proper posture. Avoid slouching, folding your arms or making yourself appear smaller than you are. Instead, fill up the space you are given, maintain eye contact and (if appropriate) move around the space.

2. You have to over-communicate just to communicate.

In 1990, a graduate student at Stanford University was able to prove that presenters overestimate how much listeners understand. In a study that become known as “the tappers and the listeners,” one set of participants was asked to tap the melody of 120 famous songs. The other participants were asked to guess what song was being tapped.

Tappers estimated that 50 percent of the songs tapped would be correctly identified. In reality, only 2.5 percent of songs were correctly identified. This study shows that it is important to communicate clearly, and to over-communicate when sharing new ideas. As this study indicates, it is likely that the audience will fail to absorb as much as you expect.

3. Ask for honest feedback.

As with most leadership skills, receiving honest feedback from peers, managers and members of your team is critical to becoming a better communicator. If you regularly solicit feedback, others will help you to discover areas for improvement that you might have otherwise overlooked.

4. Engage the audience in discussion.

Regardless of how compelling the speaker is, all audiences have limited attention spans. To become a more effective communicator, make presentations and discussions interactive.

Ask the audience a question, encourage people to call out their thoughts during a brainstorming session or at the very least ask hypothetical questions to stimulate the audience.

Indian films (Bollywood)

INDIAN CINEMA

The history of Indian Cinema goes back to the nineteenth century. In 1896, the very first films shot by the Lumiere Brothers were shown in mumbai (then Bombay).

But history was actually created when Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar popularly known as Save Dada, the still photographer, was so much influenced by the Lumiere Brothers’ production that he ordered a camera from England. His first film was shot at the Hanging Gardens in Mumbai, known as ‘The Wrestlers’. It was a simple recording of a wrestling match which was screened in 1899 and is considered as the first motion picture in the Indian Film Industry.

Beginning of Bollywood

Father of Indian Cinema, Dadasaheb Phalke released the first ever full-length feature film ‘Raja Harishchandra’ in 1913. The silent film was a commercial success. Dadasaheb was not only the producer but was also the director, writer, cameraman, editor, make-up artist and art director. Raja Harischandra was the first-ever Indian film which was screened in London in 1914. Though Indian Cinema’s first mogul, Dadasaheb Phalke supervised and managed the production of twenty three films from 1913 to 1918, the initial growth of the Indian Film Industry was not as fast as that of Hollywood.

Numerous new production companies emerged in the early 1920s. Films based on mythological and historical facts and episodes from Mahabharata and Ramayana dominated the 20s but Indian audiences also welcomed Hollywood movies, especially the action films.

 Beginning of the Talkies

The first ever talkie ‘Alam Ara’ by Ardeshir Irani was screened in Bombay in 1931. It was the first sound film in India. The release of Alam Ara started a new era in the history of Indian Cinema. Phiroz Shah was the first music director of Alam Ara. The first song which was recorded for Alam Ara in 1931 was ‘De de khuda ke naam par’. It was sung by W.M. Khan.

Thereafter, several production companies emerged leading to an increase in the release of the number of films. 328 films were made in 1931 as compared to 108 in 1927. During this time, huge movie halls were built and there was a significant growth in the number of audiences.

During the 1930s and 1940s many eminent film personalities such as Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, S.S. Vasan, Nitin Bose and many others emerged on the scene.

Bollywood – The Pioneer of Masala Movies

The 1970s saw the advent of Masala movies in Bollywood. The audiences were captivated and mesmerised by the aura of actors like Rajesh Khanna, Dharmendra, Sanjeev Kumar, Hema Malini, and many others.

The most prominent and successful director, Manmohan Desai was considered by several people as the father of Masala movies. According to Manmohan Desai, “I want people to forget their misery. I want to take them into a dream world where there is no poverty, where there are no beggars, where fate is kind and god is busy looking after its flock.”

Sholay, the groundbreaking film directed by Ramesh Sippy, not only got international accolades but also made Amitabh Bachchan a ‘Superstar’.
Several women directors like Meera Nair, Aparna Sen and others showcased their talents in the 1980s. How can we forget the extraordinary and splendid performance of Rekha in the film Umrao Jaan in 1981?

The 1990s saw a whole new batch of actors like Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Aamir Khan, Juhi Chawla, Chiranjivi, and many more. This new genre of actors used new techniques to enhance their performances which further elevated and upgraded the Indian Film Industry. 2008 was a notable year for the Indian film industry as A.R. Rahman received two academy awards for best soundtrack for Slumdog Millionaire.

Indian cinema is no longer restricted to India and is now being well appreciated by international audiences. The contribution of the overseas market in Bollywood box office collections is quite remarkable. Around 30 film production companies were listed in National Stock Exchange of India in 2013. The multiplexes too have boomed in India due to tax incentives.

Indian cinema has become a part and parcel of our daily life whether it is a regional or a Bollywood movie. It has a major role to play in our society. Though entertainment is the key word of Indian cinema it has far more responsibility as it impacts the mind of the audiences.

INDEPENDENCE DAY 2018

Independence Day of India

Independence Day is an annual observance celebrated every year on 15^th of August. India’s Independence Day is a day of great significance for the people of India. At this day India got freedom from the British rule after long years of slavery. It has been declared as the National and Gazetted Holiday all across the India in order to independently commemorate the independence of country from British Empire on 15^th of August in 1947.

It was not so easy for the India to get freedom from the Britishers however; various great people and freedom fighters of India made it a truth. They had sacrificed their lives in attaining the freedom for their future generations without worrying about their comfort, rest and freedom. They planned and acted upon various Independence Movements including violent and nonviolent resistance to get complete freedom. However, later independence Pakistan was partitioned from India which was accompanied by violent riots. That horrible riot was the reason of mass casualties and dislocation of people (more than 15 million) from their homes.

15 August 2018

Independence Day of India will be celebrated by the people all over the India on 15^th of August 2018, at Wednesday. This year in 2018, India is celebrating its 72nd Independence Day to pay tribute and remember all the freedom fighters who had contributed a lot and fought for the Independence of India.

The first Independence Day was celebrated in India on 15^th of August in 1947.

What is Special on 72nd India’s Independence Day 2018

As per the Media,

• UP State Government has banned the production and use of Polythene bags of 50 microns as well as all the plastic or thermocol products from 15th July 2018. The state government has pledged to ban plastic and its products completely with effect from coming Independence Day on August 15. This is a commendable effort by the government towards protection of environment and preserving natural resources. Considering the present environmental condition this is the most prudent decision taken by the government.
• Besides the announcements of complete plastic ban in the state of Uttar Pradesh, there is good news for nearly 32 crore beneficiaries of Jan Dhan Khata holders across India as Prime Minister is supposed to announce new welfare schemes for them from the ramparts of Lal Quila on this Independence Day, which may include an increase in free accident cover of up to Rs. 1 Lakh.
• Prime Minister is also likely to announce an increase in Atal Pension Yojna from Rs. 5000/month to Rs. 10000/month.

SOME INDIA FACTS

India is a country located in South Asia that is known as the seventh largest country in the world. It is also the second most populated country in the world, and is home to over 1.2 billion people. Bordering its southern border is the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The country also shares its borders with Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh and Nepal. The Indian flag is comprised of four colors. Orange, white and green stripes encompass the flag, and there is a small blue emblem in the middle of the white stripe. This emblem is a wheel that has 24 spokes on it, and the entire flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. Its capital city is New Delhi and it has a population of 21.75 million. The two official languages of the country are Hindi and English, however there is not a recognized national language. The primary religion in India is Hinduism; however four major religions originated in the country. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism all began in India, and helped create the diverse culture of India today. The Indian currency is known as the Indian rupee, and the country has an estimated nominal GDP of 1.947 trillion dollars.

INDIA FACTS

1.) India’s government is a federal parliamentary constitutional republic. They have a President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice.

2.) India is the 7th largest country in the world and has over 3 million square kilometers of land, but only 9.6% of their land is occupied by water.

3.) India’s army is the third largest in the world, and they have been ranked as the seventh best armies in the world.

4.)The country has 28 states and 7 territories and is home to many different cultures and ethnic groups.

5.) It is estimated that over 850 languages are spoken in India on a daily basis, and that there are over 1600 languages total that are known in the country. 6.) The British ruled India from 1858 until 1947. Since gaining its independence from the United Kingdom, India has become an autonomous country.

INDIAN FOOD

 NORTH INDIAN FOOD 

Daal Kachori Food in the north India, to begin with, Kashmiri cuisines reflect strong Central Asian influences. In Kashmir, mostly all the dishes are prepared around the main course of rice found abundantly in the beautiful valley. Another delicious item cooked here is the 'Saag' that is prepared with a green leafy vegetable known as the 'Hak'.

But on the other hand states like the Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh show high consumption of chapatis as staple food. Again, these chapatis are prepared with a variety of flours such as wheat, rice, maida, besan etc. Besides chapatis other closely related breads baked in these regions include Tandoori, Rumaali and Naan etc. However in the northern region impact of Mughlai food is quite diliCious


 WEST INDIAN FOOD

In western India, the desert cuisine is famous for its unique taste and varieties of food. Rajasthan and Gujarat are the states that represent the dessert flavor of Indian food. Here an immense variety of Dal's and Achaea (pickles/preserves) is used that simply substitutes the relative lack of fresh vegetables in these areas.


In the states like Maharashtra, the food is usually a mix of both north as well as south cooking styles. Here people use both the rice and the wheat with same interest. Along the coastline of Mumbai a wide variety of fishes is available. Some of the delicious preparations include dishes like the Bombay Prawn and Pomfret.


In Goa, that is further down towards south, one can notice Portuguese influence in the cooking style as well as in the dishes. Some of the major dishes of this regiun are the sweet and sour Vindaloo, duck baffad, sorpotel and egg molie etc. us.


 SOUTH INDIAN FOOD

In the southern India, the states make great use of spices, fishes and coconuts, as most of them have coastal kitchens. In the foods of Tamil Nadu use of tamarind is frequently made in order to impart sourness to the dishes. It simply distinguishes the Tamil Food from other cuisines.


The cooking style of Andhra Pradesh is supposed to make excessive use of chilies, which is obviously to improve the taste of the dishes.


In Kerala, some of the delicious dishes are the lamb stew and Allan's, Malabar fried prawns, Idlis, Dosas, fish molie and rice puttu. Another famous item of this region is the sweetened coconut milk. Yet another dish is Puttu, which is glutinous rice powder steamed like a pudding in a bamboo shoot.

LIVE HEALTHY LIFE

Live healthy life As we all live in super-fast, crowded and busy time period. We have to perform multiple tasks throughout the day in order to earn more money however we forget that good health is as necessary for our healthy life as air and water for the body. We forget to take proper food in timely manner, daily exercises, proper rest, etc to just earn some false wealth.

 We should never forget that our health is a real wealth of the life.It is true for all that Health is Wealth.

A good health reduces the stress level and promotes healthy life without any sufferings. We should always be aware of our health and go for regular health checkup. We should eat balanced food having fresh fruits, salad, green leafy vegetables, milk, egg, dahi, etc in timely manner in order to maintain the good health. 

A good health also need some daily physical activities, proper rest and sleep, cleanliness, healthy environment, fresh air and water, personal hygiene, etc. In order to reduce our rush between hospital and home, maintain a good health is better idea. Maintaining a good health is a good habit which should be practiced from childhood with the help of parents.

In earlier days, life was not so hectic. It was quite simple and free of too many challenges with healthy environment in comparison to these days. People were healthy as they had to perform all the daily routine activities by their own hand and body. But now, life in the technological world has become easy and comfortable but hectic because of the competitions. Now-a-days, easy life is not possible as everyone wants to earn more money to get better life than others. Now-a-days, living life has become costly and tough as well as unhealthy as everything like air, water, environment, food, etc has become contaminated, infected and polluted. People have to work for at least 9 to 10 hours in the offices by just sitting on the chair without any physical movement.

 They come to home in the late evening or night and become too tired to perform any household work or exercise. Again in the morning they get up late from bed and do some necessary works like bath, brush, breakfast, etc and go to their office.

 In this way, they live their daily routine only to earn money and not their life for themselves. It is very necessary to earn money for fulfilling somebasic needs however, it is also necessary to live a healthy and peaceful life which needs a good health.

SAVE GIRL CHILD

Save Girl Child


Introduction the existence of human race onthe earth is impossible without the equal participation of both, man and woman. Both are equally responsible for the existence of human race on the earth as well as growth and development of any country. However, there is no doubt in saying that a woman is more necessary than man as without her we cannot think about the continuation of human race as she gives birth to human. So, girl children are not killed, they should be saved, respected and given equal opportunities to go ahead. They are the source of root creation and help in shaping destiny of civilization. However, women have been the victim of female foeticide, rape, sexual harassment, dowry deaths, etc in her own shaped civilization. How shame is this!



Why to Save Girl ChildA girl child should be saved by people in the society for various reasons:

*.They are not less capable than boys in any field and give their best.



*.Female foeticide is illegal crime since 1961 and has been banned in order to stop sexes elective abortions. People should follow all the rules very strictly made to save girl child.



*.Girls become more obedientthan boys and have been proved less violent and arrogant.



*.They have been proved much responsible for their family, job, society or country.



*.They become much caring to their parents and devoted to their job.



*.A woman can be a mother, wife, daughter, sister, etc. Every man should think that his wife is daughter of another man and his daughter would be a wife of another man in future. So, everyone must respect a woman in any form.



*.A girl performs her both duties personal as well as professional very loyally which makes her extra special than boys.



*.Girls are the ultimate reason of existence of human race.



Steps taken by Government to Save Girl child there are various steps taken bythe Indian government regardingsave the girl child and educate the girl child. The most recent initiative regarding this is Beti Bachao Beti Padhao which is very actively supported by the Government, NGOs, corporate groups, and human rights activists and NGOS. Various social organizations have helped the campaign by buildingtoilet at girl schools.





 Crimes against girl child and women arebig obstruction in the way of India’s growth and development. Female foeticide was one of the big issues however have been banned by the government by the stoppage of ultrasound for sex determination, scan tests, amniocentesis, etc in the hospitals. Government has taken this step to let people know that a girl child is not a Simon the society however; she is a nice gift by God.



Conclusions

 A girl child should not be killed, hated or disrespected. She should be saved, loved and respected for the betterment of society and country. She is as equal participant in the development of country as boys .his campaign was launched by organizing some activities such as large rallies, wall paintings, television commercials, billboards, short animations, video films, essay writing, debates, etc in order to aware more people of the society. It also involved some famous celebrities for more awareness. This campaign is supported by the various government and non-government organizations in India.



 This scheme has players great role in spreading awareness regarding save girl child all over the county as well as improving the status of girl child in the Indian society. Conclusion Each and every citizen of the India must follow all the rules and regulations made for saving the girl child as well as improving the position in the society. Girls should be considered  equal as boys by their parents and given same opportunities in all the working areas.

Beautiful indian culture

Indian Culture

The culture in India is everything such as inherited ideas, way of people’s living, beliefs, rituals, values, habits, care, gentleness, knowledge, etc. India is an oldest civilization of the world where people still follow their old culture of humanity and care. Culture is the way we behave to others, how softly we react to things, our understanding towards values, ethics, principles, and beliefs.


 People of old generations pass their cultures and beliefs to theirnext generations so, every child here behaves well to others as he/she already learned about culture from parents and grandparents. We can see culture here in everything like dance, fashion, artistry, music, behavior, social norms, food, architecture, dressing sense, etc. India is a big melting pot having various beliefs and behaviors which gave birth to different cultures here.

Various religions here have theirorigin from very old age almost five thousand years. It is considered as Hinduism was originated here from Vedas. All the holy Hindu scriptures have been scripted in the sacred Sanskrit language. It is also believed that Jainism has ancient origin and their existence was in the Indus Valley. Buddhism is another religion which was originated in the country after the teachings of Lord Gautama Buddha. Christianity was brought here later by the French and Britishers who ruled here for almost two centuries long time. In this way various religions were originated in ancient time or brought to this country by anymeans. However, People of each religion live here peacefully by getting together without affecting their rituals and beliefs.

Variety of eras came and gone but no one was so powerful to change the influence of our real culture. The culture of younger generations is still connected toolder generations through umbilical cord. Our ethnic culture always teaches us to behave well, respect elders, carehelpless people and always helpthe needy and poor people. It is our religious culture that we should keep fast, do worship, offer Gange Jal, do Surya Namaskar, touch feet of elder infamily, do yoga and meditation on daily basis, give food and water to the hungry and disabled people.


 There is great culture of our nation that we should always welcome our guests like a God very happily, that’s why India is famous for a common saying like “Atithi DevoBhava”. The basic roots of our great culture are humanity and spiritual practices.
Gandhi Ji always believed in the Ahimsa and really he became successful a day in getting freedom for India from the British rule. He told Indians that show your power of unity and gentleness and then see the change. India is not a country of men and women, castes and religions, etc separately however it is a country of unity where people of all the castes and creeds live together conjointly. People in India are modern and follow all the changes according to the modern era however they still in touch with their traditional and cultural values. India is a spiritual country where people believe in spiritualism. People here believe in Yoga, meditation and other spiritual activities. Social system of the India is great where people still leaves in big joint family with grandparents, uncle, aunt, chacha, tau, cousins, brothers, sister, etc. So, people here learn about their culture and tradition from birth.
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BEAUTY OF AMRITSAR

INTRODUCTION:-

Interest the word Amritsar means the holy pool of nectar
1573 Work began on digging the holy pool. 1601 Harmandir Sahib completed. 1604 Guru Granth Sahib installed. Alongside people representing 52 professions settled.


 In Maharaja Ranjit Singh's time Amritsar had superseded Lahore as the preeminent city of the Orient Amritsar is one of the most ancient and fascinating cities of India. It is an important seat of Sikh history and culture. Being the gateway for travellers coming to India on the overland route from central Asia it soon became the centre of various commercial activities. Amritsar has various historical and religious sites.

The most famous of them all in the Golden Temple which was founded by the fourth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Ramdas and completed by his successor Guru Arjan Dev. Another revered shrine is the Durgiana Temple which is dedicated to goddess Durga.Amritsar being an important trade centre is very well connected. There is a daily Indian Airlines flight to Delhi and Srinagar.

Direct rail links to Delhi, Lucknow, Varanasi, and Calcutta are also there. There are frequent buses plying to Dehra Dun, Shimla, Kulu, Dalhousie and Dharamsala.Golden TempleDuring Maharaja Ranjit Singh's reign the lower half of the temple was decorated with marble while the entire upper half was inlaid with copper covered over by gold plate : hence its new name, the Golden Temple. Free kitchen and recitation of the divine word never cease here. Its four gatesinvite everyone from all directions.Akal Takhat :Sixth Guru Sri Har Gobind had got it constructed as a seal of temperalauthority symbolising the unity of spiritual and temporal life in 1609.

  *Tower of Baba Atal Rai :Built in the memory of Baba Atal Rai, son of Sri Har Gobind Ji, this octagonal nine-storeyed structure about 50 meters high has several beautiful frescos on its walls, relating to thelife of Guru nanak Dev Ji.Jallianwala BaghMartyrs' Memorial built in the shape of eternal flame of liberty is situated on the outskirts of Golden Temple. Here, about 1500 to 2000 persons who were attending apeaceful meeting during the freedom movement fell under the bullets of the British General Dyer, on April 13, 1919. The British Queen Elizabeth II and her husband laid a wreath at the Memorial on 14 Oct.' 1997.Durgiana Temple. Situated outside the Lohgarh Gate it is built after the design of the Golden Temple and attracts sages and scholars in Hindu scriptures from all over India. Summer place of Maharaja Ranjit SinghIs situated in the middle of a beautiful garden called Ram bagh in Amritsar City. This garden is laid out on the pattern of Shalimar Bagh at Lahore. Only its architecturally unique 'darshani deorhi' has remained intact. A museum after the name of the Maharaja is set up here displaying oil paintings, miniatures, coins, weapons relating to the Sikh period.


* Khalsa College & Guru Nanak Dev UniversityKhalsa College, Amritsar was founded in 1892 and built on grand scale in typical Sikharchitecture, its distinguished alumni; sportsmen, servicemen, administrators, professionals, fill up India's compilations of Who's Who. On a part of its land a new University called Guru Nanak Dev Universitywas established at Amritsar. Soon it has become distinguished for starting modern curricula and has etched its name on the sports map of India.Goindwal SahibA few kilometers away from Tarn Taran is the town of Goindwal, where Guru Amar Das established a new centre for preaching Sikhism. A 'Baoli', well paved with 84 steps was constructed here.


 The devout believe that by reciting Japji Sahib, the divine 'Word'revealed to Guru Nanak Dev Ji at each step after taking a bath in the Baoli provides 'Moksh', liberation from 84,000 cycles of lifeof this world.Khadur SahibKhadur Sahib is 32 kms. south-east of Amritsar city and close to Goindwal. During the life of the second Sikh Saint, Guru Angad Dev, it was the centre of Sikhism.Baba BakalaSituated about 45 kilometers east of Amritsar on the Batala road.


Sri Guru Tegh Bahadurji, revealed himself to Makhan ShahLabana, a Sikh devotee here. It has a magnificent Gurudwara where people gather in thousands on every amavas (moonless night) and an annual fair is held on Raksha Bandhan day (night of full moon in August) when about one lakh people visitthe place.Ram Tirath16 Kilometres west of Amritsar on Choganwan road is Ram Tirath, commemorating Maharishi Balmik Ji's heritage.Also the birth place of Luv & Kush,the two sons of Lord Rama.

 A big fair now recognised nationally and lasting for four days is held here since times immemorial on every Kartika Puran-mashi (full moon night in November).

Harike Wetland. The lake formed at the point of confluence of rivers Beas  Sutlej at Harika ford, situated mid way between Amritsar and Ferozepur was declared a national wildlife sanctuary in 1982. It is a welcome winter home to about 350 odd species of birds from far flung lands of China, Siberia, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

LOVING ANIMAL ( DOG)

Dog is a pet animal and considered as the man’s best friend. It gives a loving and honest companion to the man. It loves and respects its owner very much and can go everywhere with him. It shows affection towards the owner by wagging its tail and licking hand or face of owner.

It helps a lot toits owner all through the life in various ways. It removes loneliness of the people by providing a friendly companion. It never allows anyone unknown to enter to the gate or touch anything of its owner. It starts barking very loudly whenever any stranger approaches the house.It can bite a thief or stranger when they ignore its barking andtry to mischief. Some people scared away very easily however some strangers never fear of it.

 Some people, who have pet sheep, must have dogsas they are very useful to look after sheep. They never allow any wolf or fox to come near or attack the sheep. It is very watchful animal and can catch strangers, thieves and criminals even they hide anywhere. Dog uses its sense of smell to find out the hiding thieves or criminals. Because of its watchful and intelligent nature, it is highly used by the police, army or other investigation department to catch murderers or criminals.

 It can led policemen to the places where murders have taken place.It never leaves its owner whether he/she is poor, beggar or rich person. It obeys all the orders of its owner very sincerely. It becomes alert all time whether day or night to offer its services to the owner. That’s why it is called as faithful animal. It is very vigilant in nature and can hear very slow sound in the night and take action soon.

It can guess the presence of its owner from long distance through smell and become alert to welcome him home. The life span of a dog is very small however it can live around 12 to 15 years long. Life span of a dog varies according to their size such as smaller dogs live longer life than the bigger ones.A female dog gives birth to a baby and feed milk that’s why dogs come under the category of mammals. The baby of a dog is called as pup or puppy and its home as kennel. People use dogs to draws the sledge in the cold countries. Dogs are categorized according to their service to people such as guard dogs, herding dogs, hunting dogs, police dogs, guide dogs, sniffer dogs, etc.

Some dogs that draw sledge arefound in cold countries such as Greenland and Siberia. A femaledog can give birth to 3-6 puppiesin one time. The mother dog feeds milk and takes care to all her puppies till they become independent.

The lifespan of a dog can be 12 to 15 years long. A dog sleeps in day however active in night that’s why it is called as nocturnal animal. It can make various sounds such as howl, snarl, bark, growl, etc inorder to express different moods. It can run very fast thus fully capable to catch thieves and robbers. Dogs are known as digitigrades animals as they usetheir toes while running or walking.

They have well developed canine teeth to eat flesh. They have strong sense ofsmell and hearing that’s why they are used by the police and army to detect criminals. They also have sharp vision and understanding power thus called intelligent animal. Sweet glands are found in their tongue which helps in cooling themselves through the process
of panting.


She waits for us in the afternoonat the door after doing all the daily chores. She prepares a delicious dinner in the night and always takes care of our likes and dislikes. She helps us in doing our homework and project.

She never tired off giving lots of love and care like ocean can never be water less. She is unique and only one in the whole universe whom nothing can replace. She is the true solutions of our all the small and big problems. She is one who never says bad to her child and always takes side of her child.

MOTHER

Nothing in this world can compare with the true love and care of our mother. She is the one and only woman of our life who loves and cares us so much without any personal intention of her.

 A child is everything for a mother. She always encourages us to do any hard things in the life whenever we become helpless. She is the good listener of us and listen everything bad or good what we say. She never restricts and limits us to any limitation. She makes us able to differentiate between good or bad.  True love is another name of a mother which only a mother can have. From the time we come in her womb, takes birth and throughout her life in this world, she give us tired less care and love.


 Nothing is precious than a mother which one can be blessed by the God thus we should always thankful to the God. She is the embodiment of true love, care and sacrifices. She is the one who turns a house into a sweet home by giving birth to us.

She is the one who starts our schooling first time at home and becomes a first and lovely teacher of our life. She teaches us behaviour lessons and true philosophies of the life. She loves and cares us from the existence of our life in this world means from her womb till she alive. She gives birth to us after bearing lots of pain and struggles but in turn she always gives us love.

There is no love inthis world which is so lasting, strong, unselfish, pure and devoted. She is the one who brings lights in our life by removing all the darkness.

Every night she tells us about mythological tales, stories about the God and Goddess and other historical stories of king and queen. She always becomes very anxious about our health, education, future and our safety from other strangers.


She waits for us in the afternoonat the door after doing all the daily chores. She prepares a delicious dinner in the night and always takes care of our likes and dislikes. She helps us in doing our homework and project. She never tired off giving lots of love and care like ocean can never be water less. She is unique and only one in the whole universe whom nothing can replace. She is the true solutions of our all the small and big problems. She is one who never says bad to her child and always takes side of her child.

She always leads us towards right direction in the life and most importantly she scatters true happiness in our life. She makes us strong human being mentally,physically, socially and intellectually from a small and incapable child. She always takes side of us and prays to God for our wellness and bright future all through the life even after we make her sad sometimes. But there is lots of sadness behind her always happy face which we need to understand and take care of her.

Fashion

people keeps you young yourself. Rubbish. I've just spent a day with fourteenagers, and I feel about 95. There is nothing like discovering exactly how ancient you appear to the youth of today to put paid to fanciful notions that one is still – as we said in my day – down with the kids.Example. I asked Will Spratley, 15-year-old music and drama enthusiast, whose style he admired. He pulled out his copy of NME, and flicked to an article about Gorillaz. "I think Damon Albarn looks good," he said. And then he added, helpfully,"He's the lead singer of Blur." Thanks for the tip, son. Ouch.But 'twas ever thus. To be a teenager is to live in a parallel universe to the world of grownups and little kids. Teenagers have their own vocabulary, their own jokes, their own heroes. They scorn our rules, but police their own society with exacting systems of etiquette in which the simple matter of making conversation with a member of the opposite sex is as bound by convention on the top deck of a bus as it ever was when Jane Austen was observing a country dance. At the nub of teenage rebellionis their compulsion to flaunt their difference. Why else do you think theycome down to breakfast sporting those white iPod earphones (or in the case of 15-year-old Ryan Noel-Hartley outsize headphones in unignorable fire-engine red) if not to tell the rest ofthe world that teenage lives are lived to a soundtrack we can't hear, aren't invited to hear, and wouldn't understand even if we did?How do the teenagers of today want to dress? To find out, we asked four teenagers – 13-year-old Marla, and 15-year-olds Grace, Will and Ryan – tochoose and model two outfits of theirchoice (one casual, one smart) for G2.Fashion styling, it turns out, is second nature to a generation who have grown up with wall-to-wall fashion coverage and are too young to remember a time before Gok and Brix,let alone Trinny and Susannah. All four knew exactly what they wanted and where to find it.The first surprise was the almost complete absence of trends. They aremore concerned with what their peersare wearing than they are with what Miuccia Prada is inspired by this season.Neither are they particularly interestedin what celebrities are wearing, although the exception that proves the rule was, inevitably, Alexa Chung. (Or, as 13-year-old Marla Zion put it with impressive self-awareness,"being completely predictable, I guess I'd have to say Alexa Chung".) And many of the old rules about how-to-look-cool seem to have fallen by the generational wayside: black, for instance, was largely sidelined in favour of bright colour. Ryan wore a T-shirt with a motif of gunmen againsta peace sign – "it's by Banksy. He's anartist. It's against war and stuff" – which he said was his current favourite piece of clothing, along with a pair of bright yellow Converse.Music played a much bigger role than catwalk fashion. When Ryan, who modelled his smart look "on gentleman R&B singers, like Usher" put on the red headphones, I asked him if they were an accessory, or for listening to music, and he said (politely stating the bleeding obvious to the old lady) that they were for both. Ideally, he said, he'd like a pair inevery colour, to coordinate with any outfit.Will Spratley plays guitar and sings in an alternative rock band ("I guess we're a bit like Muse") and gets his fashion as well as his music from the pages of NME. (He doesn't dress like Muse. "They wear colourful shirts," he explains in sombre tones, making this sound like an unfortunate affliction, such as being deaf in one ear.) He liked Kings of Leon's look "in their denim phase" but these days is "more indie". Check shirts and Fred Perry polo shirts rule his wardrobe.

The girls, too, mesh clothes with music. Grace Horigan, 15, who came to our shoot after sitting two GCSE exams that day, had chosen a day outfit "for a festival" – high-waisted denim shorts, flowing white top, boots, feather necklace – while Marla,who has wanted to be in a band"since about year two" is the lead singer and guitarist in a band, Forever Making History, who recently played their first pub gig. She is comfortable on stage, but wrinkles her nose and shakes her hair over her face when I ask her how she would define her ownstyle. "Um. Indie, I guess. Rock."Some things never change. Teenagersare incredibly fussy about how they look, often obsessing over details thatdon't seem important to adults. When I walk into the studio, Marla is leaning over in front of a mirror, tying a bow faux-nonchalantly into her hair. Five minutes later she is still tying and retying it. After 10 minutes, still not satisfied, she discards it completely. A few minutes with Ryan reveals the same attention to detail: a watch chosen to match a purple shirt, for instance. Ryan will on occasion "wear trackies, but only if I'm definitely, definitely not leaving the house. And I'd still wear a good T-shirt."On the other hand, teenagers don't"dress up" in the same way we do. I couldn't always tell which were supposed to be their "day" outfits, andwhich the "evening" ones. Teenage self-consciousness generates a horror of drawing attention to oneself,it seems. (Marla complains that the red Converse she has chosen don't look right because they are "too clean.When I get new shoes, I get all my friends to jump on them a bit to mess them up.") She has a horror of being"the most dressed-up person in the room", she says. Grace, two years older, has begun to channel a more sophisticated look and is more aware of trends, but still injects her look withdeliberate scruffiness. Her "evening" outfit is very much like a down-played,scuffed-up version of Serena van der Woodsen, the Gossip Girl character played by Blake Lively.Achieving the not-looking-very-dressed-up effect takes more effort than you'd think. But recoiling from the notion of obvious glamour – neither girl would ever wear heels, because as Grace puts it "no one we know has those kind of parties" – but both have a ritual with their friends, which turns getting ready for going out into a party in itself. Marla's friends come to her house and they listen to music and chat while putting on "a lot of dark makeup". Chat about what?"Nothing." Fashion? "No." TV? "Not really. Random stuff.

 Gossip at school. Boys." Grace and her friends pool their clothes. "We lay them out on a bed, talk about who's already worn what, who wants to wear what, and everyone shares. We borrow my older sister's clothes, too." But despite the involved process, the end result is fairly low key. "I save the more dressy stuff for if I'm out with mum and dad."The one subject that reduces this eloquent quartet to teenage mumbling is other teenagers. Marla starts fidgeting and twirling her hair when I ask about how the tribes divide at her school. It is easy to forget how straight-up brutal teenagers are about each other: Marlagets called "trendy or Emo" at school, by the "chavs" who have "orange faces and straightened hair and Nike tracksuits". Grace gives a weary, knowing look and explains that her year divides into "chavs or townies onone side, trendies or indies on the other". Will, who customises his grammar school uniform by wearing skinny suit trousers from Topman anda blazer that's slightly too small, tonesdown his weekend look for mufti day,"otherwise I'll get the piss taken out ofme. Last time, I wore the top button ofmy polo shirt done up, and everyone went on about that for ages." Will and Ryan share a disdain for Jack Wills, the newest label to have made a splash in the teen market. "

Kids wear Jack Wills," says Ryan, "because they think it makes them look cool and rich."Their age puts them at the beginning of the curve towards financial autonomy, which is reflected in whereand how they buy clothes. Will earns money from his parents for mowing the lawn, washing the car, walking the dog, which he spends in Topman, River Island and Asos."I've just spent nearly £150 on summer stuff – I've grown a lot since last year. Now I'll start saving to buy winter stuff next term." Ryan (most expensive purchase: a blazer from Gap) shops at Topman, Next and H&M, thanks to his allowance "and an indulgent mum". All of Grace's pocket money ends up in Topshop, H&M, Urban Outfitters, "plus I get bought essential things by my parents." MarlH&M stripy top) goes window shopping with friends"just to try stuff on"; for real shopping, she goes with mum. "I love Topshop, but it's expensive. I get £5 allowance, but most of that goes on food because I always get hungry when I'm out."And do you know what? Sometimes parents are, like, really unfair.Marla's mum, for instance, won't let her wear short skirts. When you say short, I ask, what do you mean exactly? She points to a spot about half a centimetre below her knicker line, but gives me such a heartfelt can-you-believe-how-unfair-she-is look that I can't bring myself to tell herthat her mum has a point. "And then," Marla continues, "when it's cold she sometimes literally makes me wear a jacket!" Imagine. What about your dad, where does he stand? "Oh, Dad leaves us to it. Otherwise we both turnon him." Will's dad doesn't like him rolling up his trousers, "because he thinks it looks camp" and likes him to put a shirt on if the grandparents are visiting. 

Ryan's mum Jo is at the shoot with him, so she gets the last word. "Has he told you he's really fussy about his underwear? It has to be really expensive." Ryan groans."Oh, Mum, did you have to?" he beseeches her, blushing. Some things never change.